1. Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation (aDBS)

Traditional deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivers continuous electrical impulses to specific brain regions to alleviate PD symptoms. The newly approved adaptive DBS (aDBS) system adjusts stimulation in real-time based on the patient's neural activity, providing personalized therapy that responds to fluctuations in symptoms. This advancement enhances symptom control and reduces side effects associated with constant stimulation. ​

2. Continuous Subcutaneous Levodopa Infusion (Vyalev)

Levodopa remains a cornerstone in PD treatment. Vyalev, approved by the FDA in late 2024, offers a continuous 24-hour subcutaneous infusion of levodopa, ensuring stable dopamine levels and minimizing motor fluctuations. This method addresses the limitations of oral levodopa, which can lead to variable absorption and "off" periods. ​

3. Apomorphine Infusion Device (Onapgo)

Onapgo is a newly approved subcutaneous infusion device delivering apomorphine, a dopamine agonist, to manage motor fluctuations in advanced PD. This device provides continuous symptom control, reducing "off" episodes and offering an alternative for patients who do not respond adequately to oral medications. ​

4. Stem Cell Therapy

Innovative approaches involve reprogramming a patient's own stem cells to replace damaged dopamine-producing neurons. A Phase 1 clinical trial has demonstrated the safety and feasibility of this method, marking a significant step toward regenerative treatments that address the underlying causes of PD rather than just managing symptoms. ​

5. Tavapadon

Tavapadon is a selective D1/D5 receptor partial agonist currently in Phase 3 clinical trials. It targets specific dopamine receptors to improve motor function with a potentially favorable side effect profile compared to traditional therapies. Early trial results have shown promise, and regulatory approval is anticipated in the near future. ​

6. Prasinezumab

Prasinezumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to target and neutralize alpha-synuclein, a protein implicated in PD progression. While a 52-week Phase 2 trial did not show significant effects on disease progression, ongoing studies continue to evaluate its potential, reflecting the complexity of targeting disease mechanisms. ​

7. Bezisterim

Bezisterim is an oral medication under investigation as a first-line, stand-alone treatment for newly diagnosed PD patients. The upcoming Phase 2 SUNRISE-PD clinical trial aims to assess its efficacy and safety, potentially offering a novel therapeutic option that could alter the disease course if successful. ​