Recent studies have unearthed a troubling connection between some widely used medications and cognitive decline. If you or someone you love relies on daily prescriptions, what you read next might change how you look at your medicine cabinet.

The Surprising Link Between Medicine and Memory Loss

Anticholinergics in the Spotlight

Anticholinergic drugs—used to treat everything from allergies and bladder issues to depression—are now being scrutinized for their long-term effects on the brain. Research has linked these medications to a higher risk of dementia, especially in older adults. Some of the most common culprits include certain sleep aids, antihistamines, and antidepressants.

The Silent Accumulation

These drugs block acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter critical for memory and learning. Over time, especially when taken in high doses or over long periods, they can impair cognitive function. What’s alarming is how subtle the effects can be—many people notice forgetfulness or confusion and attribute it to aging, not their prescriptions.

What Studies Are Revealing

Multiple large-scale studies—spanning decades and thousands of participants—have shown a consistent association between high anticholinergic use and increased dementia risk. One 2019 study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that individuals who took strong anticholinergics daily for three years had a nearly 50% increased risk of developing dementia.

Which Drugs Raise Concern?

The list includes:

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Oxybutynin (for overactive bladder)

Amitriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressant)

Certain antipsychotics and Parkinson’s medications

Notably, many of these are available over the counter—meaning millions could be unknowingly exposed to long-term risks.

Who’s Most At Risk?

Older adults are particularly vulnerable due to both increased drug usage and natural cognitive decline. But it’s not just seniors. Anyone using these medications chronically should be cautious—especially if combining multiple drugs with anticholinergic effects.

It's Not Just About the Drug—But the Dose and Duration

Doctors emphasize that not all usage is dangerous. Occasional, short-term use may pose minimal risk. However, chronic daily use—especially without medical supervision—can be problematic. It’s the cumulative burden on your brain that matters.

What Should You Do Next?

First, don’t panic—and don’t stop taking your medications abruptly. Talk to your healthcare provider about your concerns. Ask if safer alternatives exist or if your dose can be adjusted. You may be able to replace risky drugs with non-anticholinergic options or non-drug therapies.